社会转型：发展社会学的新议题

一样的。在80年代的改革过程中，是体制的变革推动着社会结构的转型，即新的社会力量的形成以及对体制的适应。而到了90年代特别是90年代中期之后，结构先于体制定型下来；定型下来的结构开始影响和左右体制变革的过程（孙立平，2004）。

    普通人在社会转型中所使用的技术和策略。技术是指实践状态中那些行动者在行动中所使用的技术和策略。对这些技术和策略的强调，主要是为了凸现实践活动中的主体性因素。实践是实践的参与者能动地发挥作用的过程。这种能动的作用，是塑造实践逻辑的一个重要因素。如前所述，中国社会转型的一个重要特征就是实践与理论有着明显的偏离，非正式制度的作用更为突出，这样就为普通人在行动中运用技术和策略提供了更大的空间。可以说，中国改革和转型的实际过程，就是人们在实践中博弈的结果。发现这个博弈的过程，理解在这个过程中人们使用的技术和策略，对于更深入地理解转型过程是非常必要的。

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    Rona-Ta

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