【关键词】 输血 自体 血液凝固
Comparison of affection of autologous transfusion salvage and homologous blood transfusion on coagulation function
【Abstract】 Objective To compare the affection in blood coagulation function induced by autologous transfusion salvage and allogenic blood transfusion.Methods Thirty-two ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ patients aged 14~65 yr undergoing elective major spinal surgery were paired according to their sex and type of surgery.The paired patients were randomly allocated to either autologous transfusion salvage group(study group) or homologous transfusion group(control group).In study group'shed blood was collected and heparinized.Red cells were separated and washed for reinfusion.In control group'red cells concentrate was infused.Hb Hct'platelet(Plt)'prothrombin time(PT)'activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)'plasma fibrinogen concentration(FIB)'and thrombin time(TT) were determined.Results The two groups were comparable with regard to age'sex'duration of operation'blood loss[(1343±421)ml vs (1285±394)ml] and the amount of crystalloid and colloid infused during operation.There were no significant difference in Hb'Hct'Plt'PT'APTT'FIB'TT between the two groups.Conclusion Autologous transfusion salvage induce no significant effects on blood coagulation as compared with homologous blood transfusion.
【Key words】 blood transfusion autologous blood coagulation
随着外科学的发展,失血量较大的手术(如肝移植、大型脊柱手术、复杂心胸外科手术等)开展得越来越多,从而导致输血病例的增加和每位输血病例平均输血数量的增加。输血已成为某些外科手术成功施行的基本条件和必要保证。回收式自体输血(Autologous Transfusion Salvage'ATS)既可减轻医疗用血负担,又能避免异体输血可能引发的感染、免疫及输血反应等并发症,已成功地应用于大量外科手术并明显地减少了异体血用量[1]。但由于回收血经洗涤后去除了血浆蛋白、血小板和凝血因子,输入大量回收血可能对病人的凝血功能造成负面影响[2]。本研究旨在通过实验室凝血指标的检测,比较自体输血和异体输血对患者凝血功能的影响,为临床安全使用自体输血提供参考。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 32例脊柱手术患者,男20例,女12例,年龄14~65岁,体重41~79kg,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,术前凝血功能正常,术中血液无污染。手术种类包括胸腰椎骨折行AF、RF、steff钢板内固定术14例,腰椎滑移行椎间盘融合器植入术10例,多节段椎间盘突出行髓核摘除、钢板内固定6例,脊柱侧凸行矫形术2例。将同性别、同手术类型、年龄相近的两位病人配为一对,随机分配到ATS组(试验组)或对照组中。
1.2 麻醉方法 两组病人用咪唑安定、芬太尼、异丙酚、维库溴胺诱导插
管,异氟醚、芬太尼、维库溴胺维持麻醉。用硝普钠输注行控制性降压,使收缩压维持于(90±5)mmHg或平均动脉压下降幅度不超过基础血压的30%为目标。
1.3 血液回收 从手术切皮开始即应用美国血液技术公司Cell Saver R 5全功能自体血液回收机将患者手术野的所有血液(包括术中出血、渗血、手术纱布上残留血迹及手术切口生理盐水冲洗液等)吸入贮血器内。在吸血的同时,把连接在吸血管道上的抗凝药注入管内,使抗凝药与回收血液混合防止血液凝集,抗凝剂采用500ml生理盐水加肝素钠12500U,肝素钠生理盐水与吸入血液比为1∶5(即每ml回收血含5U肝素钠)。回收血液在贮血器内经多层过滤后进入血液回收罐,经大量生理盐水清洗后,再分离净化,将清洗液、抗凝剂、游离血红蛋白、细胞碎片等分离流入废液袋内,而清洗后的浓缩红细胞流入血液袋内备用。